a b BirdLife International (2018). " Rhodonessa caryophyllacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22680344A125558688. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680344A125558688.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021. |date= / |doi= mismatch They’re larger than common pochard but the plumage is similar, with the males sporting a fiery perm! Some wild birds are seen in the UK but it’s likely that all of the breeding birds in the south of England are populations established from escaped collection birds.

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Mallards upend in shallow water, feed from the surface, and sometimes dive. They also graze on dry land, and forage for food in fields and woodland. Distribution: Restricted to scattered areas of Scotland and the east of England in summer in only small numbers. Their significant winter population has an expanded range that includes much of the English coastline and parts of Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. Goldeneyes feed mainly by diving up to depths of 4 m. They will occasionally dabble and upend in shallow water although this is usually only practised by juveniles.Oates, Eugene W. (1902). Catalogue of the collections of birds' eggs in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol.II. London: British Museum. p.143. Distribution: Mainly found in the Midlands, south-east of England, parts of Scotland’s east coast, eastern Northern Ireland and along the south and north coasts of Wales. Their range expands during winter to include Cornwall and North Devon, parts of Scotland’s west coast and larger areas of Northern Ireland. The female is chocolate brown with paler flanks, and white underparts, and the crest is shorter. She also may have white patches around the base of the bill. The male in eclipse plumage looks like the female. Gadwall ( Mareca strepera) – 1,200 pairs/25,000 birds – native (though numbers increased by releases of captive birds) The female is similar to the male in eclipse plumage and very similar to the female mallard. The head is grey and the tail is dull. The bill has orange sides, and the legs are orange.

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Distribution: Widespread in England and along the Welsh coast during winter but more restricted to east and north-east England and the Midlands during summer, with some populations in parts of Scotland, Northern Ireland and the south coast of England. The female is mottled brown overall with a white streak by the tail. The green stripe on the wing is less bright, and the bill is grey with a pink base. The male in eclipse plumage resembles the female. Ripley, S. Dillon (1950). "Two birds about which more information is needed". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 49 (1): 119–120. There is possibly hope that a few individuals survive in the inaccessible areas of swampland in Myanmar. Numbers would most likely be fewer than 50, so it is listed as Critically Endangered. Because of the possibility of survival, the species is still listed by BirdLife International and also the Handbook of Birds of the World.

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Johnsgard, Paul A. (161). "The Taxonomy of the Anatidae: A behavioural analysis". Ibis. 103: 71–85. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1961.tb02421.x.

BBC Radio 4 - The Untold, Quest for the Pink-Headed Duck BBC Radio 4 - The Untold, Quest for the Pink-Headed Duck

Johnsgard, Paul A. (1965). "Tribe Aythyini (Pochards)". Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0207-7. Distribution: During the breeding season, they’re most common northwards from the Northumberland coast and off the west coast of Scotland. During the winter, their range expands to include areas along the east and south coasts, parts of the southwest coast and some areas of the Welsh coast.The species listed here all visit the UK at some point during the year. Some breed here but some are with us only for the winter months, instead breeding in Scandinavia and even on the Arctic tundra.

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Garganeys rarely updend completely when feeding and tend to dip just their head or skim the surface of the water with their bill.

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Summer is also a time when young birds are beginning to make their own way in the world and many won’t yet have reached a recognisable plumage. Some look similar to females. Distribution: Widespread across England, parts of Scotland and Northern Ireland. Less common in Wales and south-west England but they can be seen here as their range expands during the winter. Distribution: An introduced species, the main population is in the south, central and eastern areas of England, but there are small numbers in northern England, Wales and Scotland. The female garganey is like the male in eclipse plumage but paler. There is an obvious white spot near the bill.